Russian Tortoise (Testudo horsfieldii)

Russian tortoises are small (6–8 inch), hardy, and personable tortoises from the arid steppes of Central Asia. They are one of the best tortoise species for beginners.

Housing

Indoors: a minimum 4×4 foot enclosure (about 40 gallons). Outdoors: a securely fenced pen is ideal during warm months. They are vigorous diggers and climbers — walls must be sunk into the ground and have an overhang.

Temperature & Lighting

• Basking spot: 95–100°F (35–38°C)
• Ambient: 75–85°F (24–29°C)
• UVB lighting is essential indoors — use a T5 HO 10.0 bulb

Substrate

Provide 4–6 inches of a 50/50 mix of topsoil and play sand to allow burrowing. Avoid bark or gravel.

Feeding

Russian tortoises eat a diet of weeds and grasses. Dandelion greens, plantain, clover, and dark leafy greens are ideal. Supplement with calcium. Avoid high-protein foods and too much fruit.

Brumation

Russian tortoises naturally brumate for several months each year. Healthy adult tortoises can safely brumate — consult a reptile vet for guidance.

Lifespan

Russian tortoises can live 40–50+ years with proper care.